This room will show you examples of popular websites and services that can be used to gather information for a variety of cyber security purposes, both offensive and defensive.

Whether you're hunting down an exploit, trying to understand how a tool works, tracking a threat actor, knowing where to search is just as important as knowing what to search for.

Using the internet and it's resources effectively is a critical skill in cyber security. 

If you're ready, let's explore some of these services below!

Shodan is often described as a search engine for the Internet of Things (IoT), but that undersells it. Shodan continuously scans the internet, searching for networking equipment, industrial control systems, traffic cameras, and virtually anything else with a public network connection to see what's running and where.

For example, searching apache 2.4.1 will return a list of servers advertising that version in their HTTP headers, broken down by country, organisation, and port. During a penetration test or vulnerability assessment, that kind of visibility is extremely useful, particularly when paired with a known CVE affecting that version.

Shodan also supports its own query filters, which let you narrow results significantly:

Practical

Click the view site button below to start our Shodan simulation:

VirusTotal collates results from over 70 antivirus engines and website scanners into a single interface. Submit a file, a URL, a domain, or a file hash. VirusTotal will tell you whether any of those engines have flagged it as malicious or not.

Whilst not foolproof, VirusTotal is a popular resource in the blue teaming community for obtaining a general consensus on suspicious files and links, as well as for gathering intelligence on new threats on the move.

Practical

Click the view site button below to start our VirusTotal simulation:

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) programme is the closest thing the industry has to a universal dictionary of known vulnerabilities.

Each confirmed vulnerability is assigned a unique identifier in the format CVE-YEAR-NUMBER, such as CVE-2025-55182. If the vulnerability is impactful enough, it may even get a moniker. You may have heard of vulnerabilities such as Heartbleed, React2Shell, and Log4Shell. These vulnerabilities are given a score (CVSS) based on a variety of factors, such as:

• Impact - What damage can this vulnerability lead to?
• Complexity - Is the vulnerability easy to exploit or not? 
• Availability - How likely is it that someone can exploit this?

These identifiers function as a reference point among vendors, researchers, security tools, and documentation, ensuring that everyone discussing a vulnerability refers to the same issue. Websites like ExploitDB compile this information alongside "Proof of Concepts" (PoCs), which are scripts capable of demonstrating the vulnerability.

Practical

For this section, you will be interacting with TryHackMe's Vulnerability Database. Click the "Show Site" button below to get started.

Product and Tool Documentation

Each major security tool or platform provides its own documentation, which is the most reliable and up-to-date than any third-party tutorials.

When you're troubleshooting unexpected behaviour or trying to understand how to use a tool in a certain way, the official documentation should always be your first stop - not your last.

Linux Man Pages

Have you ever come across a command-line tool or command that you're not familiar with? Linux MANual pages have got your back. These pages serve as documentation that you can read within your terminal about any command on Linux, and a majority of cybersecurity tooling 

To view the manual page, run man <command>. For example:

           user@thm$ man nc
NC
                                                                                  
NAME
       nc — arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens

SYNOPSIS
       nc  [-46bCDdFhklNnrStUuvZz]  [-I  length]  [-i  interval]  [-M  ttl] [-m minttl] [-O length] [-P proxy_username] [-p source_port] [-q seconds] [-s sourceaddr] [-T keyword] [-V rtable] [-W recvlimit] [-w timeout]
          [-X proxy_protocol] [-x proxy_address[:port]] [destination] [port]

        

Practical

For this section of the practical, you will be interacting with a simulation of these manual pages. Click the "Show Site" button below to get started.

GitHub can be a great resource for staying updated on the latest threats and vulnerabilities. Researchers often publish proof-of-concept (PoC) code, exploitation tools, and detailed technical reports there, which are usually faster than official channels. 

Searching for a CVE identifier (e.g., CVE-2026-1337) directly on GitHub often reveals repositories containing PoC code, scanner scripts, or detailed analyses of the vulnerability.

That said, not all PoCs are equally reliable. Some are incomplete, some are intentionally flawed, and occasionally a "PoC" repository is malicious itself. Always verify what you're about to execute.

Practical

For the final portion of the practical, you will be interacting with a repository that contains an. Click the "Show Site" button below to get started.